Personality Disorder is described as which of the following?

Personality Disorder is described as which of the following?

• A. A pathological disturbance in cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control
• B. A transient anxiety state
• C. A sleep disorder involving vivid dreams
• D. A mood fluctuation with days of high energy

Answer: (A)

Personality disorders are defined by an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from cultural expectations and is pervasive across time and situations. This pattern shows up as disturbances in cognition (how one thinks about themselves and others), affect (emotional response), interpersonal functioning (how one relates to others), and impulse control (regulating urges). That description captures the essence because it emphasizes a long-standing, widespread impact on multiple functioning domains. In contrast, a transient anxiety state is temporary, a sleep disorder involves issues related to sleep rather than a pervasive personality pattern, and mood fluctuations with high energy point to mood disorders rather than a stable, enduring personality pattern.

Personality disorders are defined by an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from cultural expectations and is pervasive across time and situations. This pattern shows up as disturbances in cognition (how one thinks about themselves and others), affect (emotional response), interpersonal functioning (how one relates to others), and impulse control (regulating urges). That description captures the essence because it emphasizes a long-standing, widespread impact on multiple functioning domains. In contrast, a transient anxiety state is temporary, a sleep disorder involves issues related to sleep rather than a pervasive personality pattern, and mood fluctuations with high energy point to mood disorders rather than a stable, enduring personality pattern.